Decide whether the paraphrased passages are acceptable or unacceptable.
Original Source
A key factor in
explaining the sad state of American education can be found in overbureaucratization,
which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate our public schools into
massive factories and to increase to mammoth size our universities even
in underpopulated states. The problem with bureaucracies is that they
have to work hard and long to keep from substituting self-serving survival
and growth for their original primary objective. Few succeed. Bureaucracies
have no soul, no memory, and no conscience. If there is a single stumbling
block on the road to the future, it is the bureaucracy as we know it.
Edward T. Hall, Beyond
Culture, Anchor Publishing, 1977, p. 219
Paraphrase 1
American education
is overly bureaucratic. This is manifest in the increasing size of educational
institutions, even in small states. Bureaucracies are bad because they
tend to work to promote their own survival and growth rather than that
of the institution, as was their initial objective. Most bureaucracies
fail because they have a conscience or a soul. I believe that bureaucracies
are the biggest stumbling block on the road to the educational future.
Paraphrase 2
Bureaucratization
has proved to be a major stumbling block on the road to our educational
future. American institutions have become factories that are more conducive
to the growth of bureaucratic procedures than to the growth of the students
who attend them. Bureaucracies have to work long and hard to keep from
promoting their own survival rather than the educational goals that were
their primary objective.
Paraphrase 3
Bureaucratization
has proved to be a major stumbling block on the road to our educational
future. American institutions have become factories that are more conducive
to the growth of bureaucratic procedures than to the growth of the students
who attend them. This means that, as Edward T. Hall says in his book,
Beyond Culture, today's educational institutions "have no
soul, no memory, and no conscience".
Paraphrase 4
In his book, Beyond
Culture, Edward T. Hall discusses the problems posed by the increasing
bureaucratization of American educational institutions. Hall maintains
that overbureaucratization is one of the key factors governing the state
of education in America today. He points to the tendency of bureaucracies
to promote their own growth and survival first and foremost, and observes
that few overcome that tendency. He believes that this is responsible
for the fact that many public schools bear a closer resemblance to factories
than to educational institutions. In Hall's words, "Bureaucracies
have no soul, no memory, and no conscience."
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